Which protocol is LoRaWAN based on?

LoRaWAN is specifically based on the Semtech LoRa protocol. This protocol is designed for long-range, low-power communication, which is ideal for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. LoRa stands for "Long Range," and it utilizes chirp spread spectrum technology to achieve its long-range capabilities, making it suitable for applications needing connectivity over significant distances while conserving battery life.

The Semtech LoRa protocol provides the physical layer for LoRaWAN, enabling it to support the networking aspect, which is characterized by features like star topology and the ability to connect large numbers of devices. This is particularly important in IoT ecosystems, where a significant number of devices need to communicate without requiring extensive power or resources.

Other protocols mentioned, such as IEEE 802.15.4, Zigbee, and Bluetooth Low Energy, serve different purposes and are designed for specific applications requiring shorter range and higher data rates, which are not aligned with the long-range, low-power focus of LoRaWAN.